Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that originates in a part of the large intestine called the colon or rectum. It typically begins as small, benign (non-cancerous) clumps of cells called polyps, which can develop into cancer over time.
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a serious condition. However, if caught early, it’s much easier to treat. That’s why regular screenings are so important. Here, you can learn more about what’s involved in a colon cancer screening and how to prepare for your appointment.
Understanding Colon Cancer Screening
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, but when found early, the chances of successful treatment and recovery are much higher. According to the Colorectal Cancer Alliance, colorectal cancer ranks as the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S. and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. In the early stages, colon cancer rarely causes noticeable symptoms, making screening tests critical for early detection.
Regular screenings help doctors catch cancer early. This is because these tests can help identify polyps in the colon before they have a chance to become malignant (cancerous). By detecting and removing polyps early, the risk of developing colon cancer is significantly reduced. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and importance of screening can equip you with the knowledge to take proactive steps towards maintaining your health.
Types of Screenings
There are a few different types of screening tests available. You should discuss which type is best for you if you’re considering a colon cancer screening. Your healthcare team may recommend one of the following:
- Stool Tests: These tests involve checking a sample of your feces for signs of cancer, such as the presence of blood in the stool. They are easy and less invasive but need to be done more often. Stool tests include the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), which uses the chemical guaiac to detect blood in the stool, and a fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which uses antibodies.
- Visual Exams: These look at the inside of your colon and rectum either using a scope with a camera or with diagnostic imaging tests, such as X-ray. They can spot abnormal areas that might be cancer. Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are the most common visual exam used for detecting colon cancer.
- Blood Tests: While blood tests aren’t used to diagnose colon cancer directly, they provide valuable insights into overall health and can detect low levels of red blood cells, which may suggest bleeding caused by colon cancer.
An Introduction to Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is highly effective in detecting and preventing colon cancer, making it a crucial component of regular health screenings. The procedure involves a thorough examination of your colon and rectum using a colonoscope. This is a long, flexible tube equipped with a tiny camera and light. It allows the physician to visually inspect the inner lining of your colon for any abnormalities, such as polyps or cancerous growths.
In some cases, a flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure may be used instead of a colonoscopy. This is a similar procedure, but only involves the examination of the rectum and the lower part of the colon, known as the sigmoid colon. Flexible sigmoidoscopies are less comprehensive than full colonoscopies but still serve as an important tool in cancer prevention.
If abnormal tissues or polyps are identified during a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy, they can be removed or biopsied during the procedure.
Preparing for Your Colon Cancer Screening Appointment
If you’re having a visual exam, such as a colonoscopy, you will need to follow specific preparation instructions. It’s very important to follow all the guidance from your healthcare provider. This ensures the screening is effective. Here’s what you need to do:
Follow Dietary Restrictions
A few days before the exam, you’ll need to stop eating certain foods. Your doctor will advise you what to avoid.
Bowel Preparation
You’ll need to take a special drink to clean out your bowels and ensure the colon is clear. This is known as bowel cleansing and is very important for a clear view during the exam.
Keep Hydrated
Drink lots of clear fluids like water and broth. This helps keep you hydrated during the prep.
Stay Calm and Prepared
It’s normal to feel anxious before a test like a colonoscopy. It can help to share your concerns with a loved one and your healthcare team. They can explain what is involved and put your mind at rest.
What to Bring to Your Appointment
On the day of your appointment, it’s important to be prepared. Here’s what to bring:
- A List of Medications: Write down any medications you are currently taking, including over the counter medications and supplements.
- Comfortable Clothing: Wear something easy to change in and out of.
- A Friend or Family Member: You will need someone to drive you home after the test.
What to Expect During the Procedure
You’ll be given a sedative to help you relax during the procedure. The doctor will then use a scope to look inside your colon. It usually takes about 30-60 minutes.
When to Get a Screening
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), screening for colorectal cancer is generally recommended for people ages 45 or older, up to age 75. But, if you have increased risk factors, such as a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, you may need to start sooner. Talk to your doctor about the best schedule for you.
Symptoms of Colon Cancer
Colorectal cancer doesn’t always exhibit obvious symptoms. Symptoms also depend on the size of the cancer and where it is located in the large intestine. However, the Mayo Clinic says you should watch out for the following which can be a sign of colorectal cancer:
- Changes in bowel habits
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Persistent abdominal pain
- A feeling of not fully emptying the bowels
- Unexplained weight loss
- Feeling very tired
If you notice any of these, see your doctor right away.
How North Shore Gastroenterology Can Help
At North Shore Gastroenterology, our team of board-certified physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants is dedicated to helping you stay healthy. We use the latest technology and compassionate care to provide the best service. Focusing on individualized care, we specialize in diagnosing and treating a wide range of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. We combine cutting-edge technology and equipment with our highly skilled expertise to meet all your GI needs. Our gastroenterology services include colon cancer screening and much more.
Gastroenterology Care in Westlake and Brooklyn, Ohio
Don’t delay if it’s time for you to begin colon cancer screening or you are at risk for colon cancer. Call North Shore Gastroenterology today. You can reach us at (440) 808-1212 or schedule an appointment with one of our gastroenterologists online. Stay proactive about your health. Early detection saves lives.